<b>HRAC Group 3</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy K1) </font> resistant Beckmannia syzigachne from Japan

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 3 (LEGACY K1) RESISTANT AMERICAN SLOUGHGRASS
(Beckmannia syzigachne)

Inhibition of Microtubule AssemblyHRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)

Japan, Fukuoka, Saga

INTRODUCTION		AMERICAN SLOUGHGRASS
American Sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family. In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides in 2010 and infests Spring Barley, and Wheat. Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to trifluralin and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 29, 2013 )
Common Name	American Sloughgrass
Species	Beckmannia syzigachne
Group	Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
Herbicides	trifluralin
Location	Japan, Fukuoka, Saga
Year	2010
Situation(s)	Spring Barley, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible American Sloughgrass biotype with this American Sloughgrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 3 resistant American Sloughgrass have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 3 (Legacy K1) resistant American Sloughgrass from Japan please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

SATOSHI IWAKAMI

Weed Scientist University of Tsukuba Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki Japan Email Satoshi Iwakami

TOHRU TOMINAGA

Professor Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo Kyoto, 606-8502, Kyoto Japan Email Tohru Tominaga

AKIRA UCHINO

Weed Scientist NARO Agricultural Research Center Graduate School of Agriculture 3-1-1 Kannondai Tsukuba, 305-8666, Ibaraki Japan Email Akira Uchino

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant American Sloughgrass Globally
(Beckmannia syzigachne)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

China

1993

Cereals, and Wheat

chlorotoluron

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

China

2010

Winter wheat

fenoxaprop-ethyl

Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Japan

2010

Spring Barley, and Wheat

trifluralin

Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Li YiWei ; Chen YiFeng ; Li YongFeng ; Tang RiSheng ; Mei ChuanSheng. 1997. Inductive resistance to chlorsulfuron in Beckmannia syzigachne and Alopecurus japonicum in vitro. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13 : 85 - 89.

In vitro experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of induced resistance to chlorsulfuron in subcultures of Beckmannia syzigachne and Alopecurus japonicum young-panicle callus tissue. Results indicated that the sensitivity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) decreased in both the weed species with increasing chlorsulfuron concentration. The IC₅₀ (the concentration causing 50% inhibition) of ALS activity increased from 1 to 300 µg/litre for 6-12 subcultures of B. syzigachne and from 1 to 100 µg for 4-10 subcultures of A. japonicum. Induced resistance was also observed in regenerated plantlets of B. syzigachne; resistant plantlets from subcultures exposed to high levels of chlorsulfuron suffered less inhibition of growth when exposed to 200 µg and fewer died when exposed to 1000 µg than did those regenerated from subcultures with a history of lower level chlorsulfuron exposure. Callus growth and differentiation, and plantlet development in B. syzigachne were unaffected by chlorsulfuron during subculturing..

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