<b>HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Tridax procumbens from Australia, Western Australia

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT COAT BUTTONS
(Tridax procumbens)

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Australia, Western Australia

INTRODUCTION		COAT BUTTONS
Coat Buttons (Tridax procumbens) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family. In Western Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2016 and infests Sandalwood Plantation. Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Oct 27, 2016 )
Common Name	Coat Buttons
Species	Tridax procumbens
Group	Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicides	glyphosate
Location	Australia, Western Australia
Year	2016
Situation(s)	Sandalwood Plantation
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Stephen Powles
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

MECHANISM

Stephen Powles

A unique mutation at position 102 of the EPSPS gene that endows the resistance.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Coat Buttons biotype with this Coat Buttons biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Coat Buttons have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Coat Buttons from Western Australia indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Coat Buttons from Western Australia please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

STEPHEN POWLES

Professor And Research Director University Of Western Australia School Of Plant Biology 2276 Dahlk Circle Crawley, 6009, Western Australia Australia Email Stephen Powles Web : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Western Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Stephen Powles for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Coat Buttons Globally
(Tridax procumbens)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Australia (Western Australia)

2016

Sandalwood Plantation

glyphosate

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Jingbo Li, Qiong Peng, Heping Han, Alex Nyporko, Tymofii Kulynych, Qin Yu, and Stephen Powles. 2018. Glyphosate resistance in Tridax procumbens via a novel EPSPS Thr-102-Ser substitution. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry : .

This study confirmed the first case of glyphosate resistance in Tridax procumbens and investigated the glyphosate-resistance mechanisms. Sequencing and cloning of the full 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) coding sequences revealed a point mutation (ACC to TCC) at amino acid position 102, resulting in a novel Thr-102-Ser substitution. Other possible resistance mechanisms (i.e., target-site EPSPS-gene overexpression, nontarget-site differential glyphosate uptake and translocation) were also examined and were unlikely to be involved in resistance in this population. Structural modeling of the wild-type and mutant EPSPS in complex with glyphosate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) revealed that the Thr-102-Ser substitution weakly decreased EPSPS affinity to glyphosate, but sharply increased EPSPS affinity to the natural substrate, PEP. Therefore, this novel mutation is very likely responsible for the observed glyphosate resistance in this tetraploid weed species via dual mechanisms of reducing glyphosate binding and favoring PEP binding to EPSPS..

Maciel, C. D. de G. ; Poletine, J. P. ; Amstalden, S. L. ; Gazziero, D. L. P. ; Raimondi, M. A. ; Lima, G. R. G. ; Oliveira Neto, A. M. de ; Guerra, N. ; Justiniano, W.. 2011. Glyphosate tank mixtures controlling Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens and Cenchrus echinatus in Soybean Roundup Ready®. Revista Ceres 58 : 35 - 42.

Although the use of glyphosate tank mixtures for managing weed species of difficult control is prohibited by the Brazilian legislation, it has been a common practice among farmers. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicide tank mixtures using glyphosate to control Commelina benghalensis L., Tridax procumbens L. and Cenchrus echinatus L. in soybean crop RR®. A field experiment was conducted in the Municipality of Maracai, São Paulo State, between November, 2006 and March 2007, using the genotype CD-214RR® in a complete randomized block design with 21 treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the following applications: glyphosate (180; 360; 540 and 720 g ha^-1); glyphosate in sequence (180/360; 360/360 and 540/360 g ha^-1); glyphosate+chlorimuronethyl (360+10; 540+10 and 360+5/360+5 g ha^-1); glyphosate+lactofen (360+120; 540+120 and 360+60/360+60 g ha^-1); glyphosate+cloransulam-methyl (360+30; 540+30 and 360+16,9/360+12,9 g ha^-1); glyphosate+carfentrazone (360+4 g ha^-1); glyphosate+imazethapyr (360+50 g ha^-1); glyphosate+imazethapyr (177.8+30 g ha^-1) and controls with and without weeding. Despite the similarity in grain yield between treatments with glyphosate alone and sequentially at doses 540, 720 and 540/360 g ha^-1, the tank mixtures with chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, lactofen and imazethapyr favored control of weed species tolerant to glyphosate such as C. benghalensis and T. procumbens..

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