PROSTRATE PIGWEED (Amaranthus blitoides) with GROUP B/2 resistance: (INHIBITION OF ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ) Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase
MUTATION: TRYPTOPHAN 574 to LEUCINE
Prostrate Pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides) is a dicot plant in the amaranthaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below.		Prostrate Pigweed

Chemical Family	Example Herbicide	Resistance Level
Imidazolinones	Imazethapyr	Resistant > 10 fold
Pyrimidinyl benzoates	Bispyribac-Na	Resistant > 10 fold
Sulfonylureas	Chlorsulfuron	Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolopyrimidine - Type 1	Chloransulam-methyl	Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolinones	Flucarbazone-Na	Not Determined

REFERENCES

Sibony, M. ; Rubin, B.. 2003. Molecular basis for multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides and atrazine in Amaranthus blitoides (prostrate pigweed). Planta 216 : 1022 - 1027.

Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson (prostrate pigweed) populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS; EC 4.1.3.18)-inhibiting herbicides and triazines (SuR/TR) were found in Israel. The Ganot population was 6- to 790-fold more resistant to ALS inhibitors than the wild type due to an altered target site. Molecular analyses showed that the Ganot population was a mixture of two biotypes: (i) SuRA/TR in which domain A of the als gene differed in one nucleotide, resulting in substitution of Pro by Ser 188; (ii) SuRB/TR in which a mutation in domain B led to a substitution of Trp by Leu 569. The mutation in domain A resulted in resistance to all ALS inhibitors except imidazolinones, whereas the mutation in domain B led to resistance to all ALS inhibitors tested. SuRA/TR and SuRB/TR are multiple-resistant with an additional single mutation in the plastidic psbA gene that changes Ser 264 to Gly in the D1 protein, leading to triazine resistance. It is evident that plants within a population exposed to a similar selection pressure may show different patterns of cross-resistance due to three different point mutations. This unique phenomenon renders planning of rational weed management difficult or even impossible..

This case was entered by Terry Wright Email: trwright@dow.com

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