AZETOGARASHI (JAPANESE) (Lindernia micrantha) with GROUP B/2 resistance: (INHIBITION OF ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE ) Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase
MUTATION: PROLINE 197 to GLUTAMINE
Azetogarashi (Japanese) (Lindernia micrantha) is a dicot plant in the scrophulariaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Proline 197 to Glutamine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below.		Azetogarashi (Japanese)

Chemical Family	Example Herbicide	Resistance Level
Imidazolinones	Imazethapyr	Not Determined
Pyrimidinyl benzoates	Bispyribac-Na	Not Determined
Sulfonylureas	Chlorsulfuron	Resistant > 10 fold
Triazolopyrimidine - Type 1	Chloransulam-methyl	Not Determined
Triazolinones	Flucarbazone-Na	Not Determined

REFERENCES

Uchino, A. ; Watanabe, H.. 2002. Mutations in the acetolactate synthase genes of sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of Lindernia spp. Weed Biology and Management 2 : 104 - 109.

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids. A mutation of the ALS gene causing amino acid substitution at the position of proline in Domain A makes ALS less sensitive to sulfonylureas, which are ALS-inhibiting herbicides. We cloned partial ALS genes from four Lindernia plants, L. dubia var. dubia, dubia var. major, L. micrantha, and L. procumbens, for which biotypes resistant to sulfonylureas have been found in paddy fields. The clones were classified into two groups in each Lindernia plant: Als1 and Als2. Sequencing of the clones and alignment of deduced amino acid sequences with previously reported ALS of other species suggested that the cloned region contains an intron in both Als1 and Als2. The comparison of Als1 between resistant and susceptible biotypes showed that the proline of Domain A was replaced by alanine, serine, or glutamine in all resistant biotypes of Lindernia plants, while it was conserved in all susceptible biotypes. This amino acid substitution in ALS encoded by Als1 is involved in the resistant mechanism of ALS to sulfonylurea in the four Lindernia plants..

This case was entered by Patrick Tranel Email: tranel@illinois.edu

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