MULTIPLE RESISTANT POLLACCI BARNYARDGRASS
(Echinochloa erecta)

Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L)

Italy

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INTRODUCTION POLLACCI BARNYARDGRASS Pollacci Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa erecta) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Italy this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2004 and infests Rice.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 5 (Legacy C1 C2), and Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to propanil, and quinclorac (MOA in monocots) and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 5 (Legacy C1 C2), and Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L). The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Aug 26, 2005 ) Common Name Pollacci Barnyardgrass Species Echinochloa erecta Group PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L) Herbicides propanil, and quinclorac (MOA in monocots) Location Italy Year 2004 Situation(s) Rice Contributors - (Alphabetically) Maurizio Sattin  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Pollacci Barnyardgrass biotype with this Pollacci Barnyardgrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5, 29 resistant Pollacci Barnyardgrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Pollacci Barnyardgrass from Italy please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS MAURIZIO SATTIN Senior Weed Scientist Italian National Research Council (cnr) IBAF - Weed Science Unit Viale dell'Università 16 Legnaro, 35020, Padova Italy Email Maurizio Sattin

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Italy have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Maurizio Sattin for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant Pollacci Barnyardgrass Globally (Echinochloa erecta) Herbicide Resistant Pollacci Barnyardgrass Globally (Echinochloa erecta) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant Pollacci Barnyardgrass Globally (Echinochloa erecta) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 Italy Italy   2004 Rice propanil, and quinclorac (MOA in monocots) 24 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis ( HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L) 236 Echinochloa erecta Pollacci Barnyardgrass 5254 2 Italy Italy   2005 Rice propanil 24 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) 236 Echinochloa erecta Pollacci Barnyardgrass 8909

Literature about Similar Cases

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Rapparini, G.. 2006. Weed control in rice. Informatore Agrario 62 : 72 - 80.

Increase in weed infestations, particularly those of Echinochloa crus-galli, E. phyllopogon [E. oryzoides] and E. erecta is reported from rice plantations in Italy in 2005. Difficulties of weed control in rice grown in water are also considered, especially infestations of Scirpus maritimus, S. mucronatus and Cyperus difformis. Use of chemical control of riso crodo [Oryza sativa var. sylvatica] in Piedmont and Lombardy is outlined. Herbicides used for control of other specific weed infestations are also outlined, such as Heteranthera, Echinochloa, Leptochloa spp., Paspalum distichum, Panicum spp., Digitaria spp. and Setaria, Alopecurus geniculatus and Lolium spp. Data are tabulated on chemical products, active ingredients, doses, application date, safety time after the application, selectivity and sensitivity of weed species belonging to Cyperaceae, Alismataceae, Butomaceae and Pontederiaceae. The problem of development of herbicide resistance in weeds is considered..

Tabacchi M, Scarabel L, Sattin M. 2004. Herbicide Resistance in Italian Rice Crops: A Late-Developing but Fast-Evolving Story. Med Rice Conference, Torino - Italy. 13th to 15th February 2004 : .

Herbicides have been used intensively in Italian rice crops for the last 40 years. Use of ALS-inhibitors began in 1988 and now more than 80% of rice fields are treated with these herbicides. Since 1994, three species (Alisma plantago-aquatica, Schoenoplectus mucronatus and Cyperus difformis) have evolved resistance to ALS inhibitors, while three populations of Echinochloa crus-galli have evolved resistance to propanil. A population of Echinochloa erecta recently proved to be multiple-resistant to quinclorac and propanil. It is estimated that resistance exists in more than 25,000 ha, with S. mucronatus and C. difformis showing the highest rate of increase. Field histories show that high selection pressure had been imposed for several years prior to resistance development, as well as a lack of any resistance prevention strategy. Most ALS-resistant populations show a wide pattern of cross-resistance with a high level of resistance to SU and a lower level to the TP metosulam.

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